Upper Limb

• Mark Scheme (Upper Limb)
• Presentation

Lower Limb

• Mark Scheme (Lower Limb)
• Presentation

Pathology

• PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY ⇒ alcohol excess (vitamin B1/thiamine deficiency), B12 deficiency, diabetes, charcot-marie-tooth, vasculitis, HIV

• PROXIMAL MYOPATHY ⇒ cushing’s, hyperthyroidism, myasthenia gravis (fatigable), dermatomyositis + polymyositis, LEMS

• CEREBELLAR DISEASE ⇒ multiple sclerosis, alcohol, stroke, inherited ataxia, space occupying lesion

  • DANISH → dysdiadochokinesia and dysmetria, ataxia, nystagmus, intention tremor, slurred speech, hypotonia

• Unilateral LMN Lesions:

  • Radiculopathy → dermatomal sensory loss. Due to disc herniation, degenerative disc disease, spondylosis, osteoarthritis.
  • Peripheral Nerve Palsies
    • Median = carpal tunnel syndrome. Due to pregnancy, obesity, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, rheumatoid arthritis.
    • Common Peroneal Nerve = foot drop. Secondary to compression at neck of fibula. Weakness of foot dorsiflexion and eversion.

• Unilateral UMN → stroke, SOL

• Bilateral UMN → MS, MND (sensation normal), myelopathy (ie. cord compression)

• Dorsal Column Pathways = light touch, vibration and proprioception

• Spinothalamic = pain and temperature