Hip

• Mark Scheme

• Look → front / side / back. Gait.

  • Then do trendelenburg

• Feel → have look whilst lying down. Temperature. Greater trochanter. Apparent and true leg length.

• Move → ask them to do flexion and extension. Then do flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation.

• Special Tests:

  • Fixed Flexion Deformity → loss of lumbar lordosis + lifting of the unflexed thigh

• Presentation

• Hip X-Ray Interpretation

Knee

• Mark Scheme

• Look → front / side / back. Gait. Look whilst lying down. Measure quadriceps bulk.

• Feel → temperature. Joint palpation (joint line, patella, tibial tuberosity, popliteal fossa). Effusion (patellar tap, sweep test).

• Move → ask them to flex and extend. Then do yourself and also hyperextension.

• Special Tests:

  • Posterior sag:
  • Anterior drawer test
  • Valgus and varus stress tests:
  • McMurray (mensici)

• Presentation

• Knee Scar → total knee replacement, invasive procedures (knee arthroscopy), ligament repair, fracture repair, abscess drainage.